How can i create a customizable SQL function in Visual Studio

Is it possible to create an extendable SQL query in Visual studio?

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        con.Open();
        SqlCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand();
        cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
        cmd.CommandText = "Select geneID from Table3 where geneID in(" + filterdata + ")";

        cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
        DataTable dt = new DataTable();
        SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
        da.Fill(dt);
        dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;

        con.Close();

    }

Can this be extended to select any possible parameter from any possible tables using any possible conditions. I think it would look something like the following:

Select [Variable 1,Variable 2...] from [Table 1, Table2...] where [Condition1, Condition 2...]

The variables, tables and conditions in this case will be selected using a multitude of checkbox's. I want to incorporate any possible search into one button click.